The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.